The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.